Aristotle. Drawing of a bust (now lost) of Aristotle (384-322BC), Athenian philosopher and founder of logic. Aristotle was son of the court physician in Macedon. Orphaned in early life, he went to Athens to study under Plato. After Plato’s death he returned to Macedon and became tutor to the king’s son Alexander, who became Alexander the Great. Aristotle later became a public teacher, using his garden for lessons. A first-class naturalist, he was fascinated by the task of classifying animal species and arranging them into hierarchies. His teachings on logic provided the philosophical basis of science which proved dominant for 18 centuries.